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They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 12th century, they began to construct the massive cliff dwellings for which the park is best known. The Pueblonians survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash (the ' Three Sisters').

By 1000 BC, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 AD the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rock shelters in and around the mesa. The variety of projectile points found in the region indicates they were influenced by surrounding areas, including the Great Basin, the San Juan Basin, and the Rio Grande Valley. 7500 BC Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by a group of nomadic Paleo-Indians known as the Foothills Mountain Complex. Mesa Verde (Spanish for 'green table', or more specifically 'green table mountain') is best known for structures such as Cliff Palace, thought to be the largest cliff dwelling in North America.

With more than 5,000 sites, including 600 cliff dwellings, it is the largest archaeological preserve in the United States.

The park protects some of the best-preserved Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites in the United States.Įstablished by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906, the park occupies 52,485 acres (21,240 ha) near the Four Corners region of the American Southwest.

Mesa Verde National Park is an American national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado.

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